The Role Of The Oil Pumps

2020年8月17日
The main purpose of the oil pump is to circulate the engine oil under pressure to the bearings, pistons and camshafts. This lubricates these systems, allows the use of larger capacity fluid bearings, and also aids in engine cooling.

In addition to lubrication, pressurized oil is increasingly used as a hydraulic fluid to power small actuators. One of the first significant uses of this approach was hydraulic tappets used in camshaft and valve actuation. Recently, more and more common uses include tensioners for timing chains or VVT hubs for variable valve timing systems.

Friction is the enemy of moving parts because it hinders performance and shortens product life. The oil circulation system used in internal combustion engines has two main functions. The first is to reduce friction, and the second is to dissipate heat from pistons, bearings and shafts. Insufficient or incorrect engine lubrication will cause catastrophic failure. There are honeycomb channels on the engine block and cylinder head to guide lubricant and coolant. The oil pump forces oil through these channels to lubricate the entire system. Normally, the oil is drawn from the oil tank through a screen filter to remove larger debris around the engine. The oil usually passes through a filter and possibly an oil cooler before being pumped through the engine to the moving parts. Pistons, rings, valves, etc...

Dry and wet collection system

The wet oil pan system has a single oil pump in the lower part of the engine, usually located near or near the crankshaft. Engines equipped with a dry sump will be equipped with two oil pumps. A standard oil pump pressurizes and distributes oil around the engine, and there is also an auxiliary oil pump or scavenging pump. The scavenging pump is usually located inside the oil pan and has a higher flow rate than the main oil pump.



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An oil pump is a mechanical device used in an engine to circulate oil to moving parts (such as bearings, camshafts and pistons) to avoid wear of the parts. It is one of the important components of the engine lubrication system. It must not go wrong or malfunction, otherwise it will malfunction.

The functions of the Oil Pumps in the car include:

The engine oil is delivered to the main part of the engine under pressure.
Reduce the movement of engine lubricant around the engine.
Provide direction for the movement of oil through the channel to each part.
Helps return the hot oil to the cooling oil in the tank.
Keep the oil circulation constant.



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Almost all modern aircraft use hydraulic power components. Since they are engine-driven, air-driven and use electric pumps, they cannot run without them.

On smaller, lighter aircraft, the vane pump may only be used to activate the wheel brakes, although in large aircraft such as the Airbus A380-800, the use of these systems is more critical (not that the braking itself is not important!)

Usually depending on the size of the aircraft, multiple hydraulic systems will work together and are essential for braking, front wheel steering, extended landing gear, flaps and slats, operating cargo door/loading ramps, and pitch control.


They are also used to control wipers. You may not think that they require a lot of power or pressure, but when the aircraft we are talking about usually travels at a speed of 930 km/h, you will need a lot of power because of the severe weather and a strong impact from the air at close range.

The advantage of using a vane pump for aerospace for all these purposes is that it can handle thin liquids at higher pressures and compensate for wear through the extension of the vanes.

In this way, you can do it-the importance of vane pumps on aircraft-a kind of mechanical engineering, although you may never have heard of it before, it can ensure your safety in the air and can be delivered to you in one stop you.



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The internal gear pump is self-priming and can dry up, although it will also improve its oil absorption characteristics if the gears are wet. The gear needs to be lubricated with pumped liquid and should not be idling for a long time. Some gear pump designs can run in either direction, so, for example, the same pump can be used to load and unload containers.

Tight tolerances between gears and housings mean that these types of pumps are prone to wear, especially when used with abrasive liquids or feeds that contain entrained solids. The external gear pump has four bearings in the pumped medium and has strict tolerances, so it is less suitable for processing abrasive fluids than the internal gear design. For these applications, internal gear pumps are more robust, with only one bearing (sometimes two) running in the fluid. Gear pumps should always be equipped with a filter on the suction side to prevent it from attaching large, potentially damaged solids.

Generally, if you want the pump to be able to handle abrasive solids, it is recommended to choose a pump with a larger capacity so that it can run at a lower speed to reduce wear. However, it should be remembered that the volumetric efficiency of the gear pump will decrease at lower speeds and flows. The working speed of the gear pump should not exceed the recommended speed.

For high temperature applications, it is important to ensure that the operating temperature range is compatible with the specifications of the pump. Thermal expansion of the casing and gears reduces the gap in the pump, which can also lead to increased wear and, in extreme cases, pump failure.

Despite the best precautions taken, gear pumps often wear gears, housings, and bearings over time. As the gap increases, the efficiency will gradually decrease, and the flow slip will also increase: the pumped fluid leaks from the discharge port back to the suction side. The flow slip is proportional to the cube of the gap between the gear teeth and the sleeve. Therefore, in practice, the effect of wear is very small until the critical point is reached, from which the performance drops rapidly.

The gear pump continues to withstand back pressure. If it is blocked downstream, it will continue to pressurize the system until the pump, piping, or other equipment fails. Although for this reason, most gear pumps are equipped with safety valves, it is always recommended to install safety valves elsewhere in the system to protect downstream equipment.

The lower speed, larger clearance and larger internal volume of internal gear pumps make them more suitable for shear-sensitive liquids such as food, paint and soap than external gear designs. When hygiene is important, internal gear pumps are also preferred because of their mechanical simplicity and the fact that they are easy to disassemble, clean and reassemble.



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About Hydraulic Vane Pumps

2020年6月29日
The Hydraulic Vane Pumps is a self-priming positive displacement pump that can provide a constant flow rate under varying pressures. It is usually operated by a motor connected to the gearbox, usually with a maximum speed of 900. The pump is equipped with a safety valve to prevent the pump from accumulating to pressure that could damage the pump.

The pump head includes a slotted rotor with blades. The vane forms a segmented chamber in the pump head, dividing the pump head between the rotor and the casing, which allows the vane pump to self-prime like a chamber. Vane type rotor vane pump head

The pump head is mostly circular, but has flat portions as the blades move in and out of the main rotor. When the pump is running, due to the centrifugal force, the blades will be pushed out of the shell, and the outward force will make the blades close to the shell. When the vane reaches the outlet of the pump, the casing flattens and abuts the rotor, causing the vane to be pushed into the rotor and the fluid is discharged from the outlet of the pump.


The vane pump is reversible, which makes it an excellent choice for stripping and unloading storage tanks.

It can then be operated in the reverse direction, and then fill the fuel tank or the loading vehicle because the pump can be operated in both directions. Generally, vane pumps are equipped with a single mechanical seal, a double mechanical seal with packing fluid or a packing seal.

They are commonly used for lubricating viscous liquids such as oil, petroleum, diesel, animal oil/blood and fuel oil. Since they have no metal-to-metal contact, they can also handle non-lubricating fluids such as solvents. Vane pumps are self-compensating for wear, which means they can maintain optimal performance without losing flow.

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Vane pumps are hydraulic pumps that operate at very low noise levels. Hydraulic vane pumps operate with much lower flow pulsations (ie constant flow). In this way, the noise generated by the vane pump is small, while maintaining a relatively high speed of up to 3,000 rpm. Small hydraulic vane pumps (such as Parker Denison T7A or T7B) with a displacement of 50 cc and a maximum speed of 3600 rpm at intermittent hydraulic system pressures up to 300 bar.

The vane pump is a hydraulic pump that runs at a low flow rate to reduce the noise level.
Hydraulic vane pumps can be used in industrial die casting and injection molding machines as well as land and road construction machinery. The working pressure of vane pumps usually does not exceed 180-210 bar. However, in specially designed vane pumps, the working pressure may exceed 200 bar, up to 300 bar.


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The internal gear pump is extremely flexible. Although they are usually used for thin liquids (such as solvents and fuel oils), they are good at efficiently pumping thick liquids such as asphalt, chocolate, and binders. The useful viscosity range of Internal Gear Pumps is 1cPs to more than 1,000,000cP.




Common internal gear pump applications include but are not limited to:

All kinds of fuel oil and lubricating oil
Resins and polymers
Alcohol and solvents
Asphalt, bitumen and tar
Polyurethane foam (isocyanate and polyol)
Foods such as corn syrup, chocolate and peanut butter
Paints, inks and pigments
Soap and surfactant
Ethylene glycol


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In addition to the prevention of dry rotation and overload, the prevention of suction air and excessive suction vacuum, the main points of the management of vane pumps should also pay attention to:

1. If the pump steering changes, the suction and discharge directions will also change. The vane pump has a prescribed steering, and no reverse is allowed. Because the rotor blade groove is inclined, the blade has a chamfer, the bottom of the blade communicates with the oil discharge cavity, the throttle groove on the oil distribution plate and the suction and discharge port are designed according to the predetermined steering. The reversible vane pump must be specially designed.

2. The vane pump is equipped with the oil distribution plate and the stator to be correctly positioned with positioning pins. The vane, rotor, and oil distribution plate must not be reversed. The suction area of ​​the inner surface of the stator is most susceptible to wear. Continue to use for the discharge area.

3. Disassembly and assembly Note that the working surface is clean, and the oil should be filtered well when working.

4. If the gap of the blade in the blade groove is too large, the leakage will increase. If it is too small, the blade will not expand and contract freely, which will cause malfunction.

5. The axial clearance of the vane pump has a great influence on ηv.

1) Small pump -0.015 ~ 0.03mm

2) Medium-sized pump -0.02 ~ 0.045mm6.

The temperature and viscosity of the oil should generally not exceed 55 ° C, and the viscosity should be between 17 and 37 mm2 / s. If the viscosity is too large, oil absorption is difficult; if the viscosity is too low, leakage is serious. As pump products, vane pumps refer more to vane pumps. Almost all vane pumps refer to vane pumps.



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1. Before starting the pump, check the inlet, outlet and steering. The direction of rotation of the pump should be consistent with the direction indicated on the product label.

2. Before the initial start-up, the pump casing should be filled with oil (through the drain port), and the coupling should be turned by hand. It should feel even and flexible when rotating. When starting for the first time, the system should be run in a liquid-free state. The purpose is to fill the system with liquid and exhaust the pumps and pipes. Only after the air in the system has been evacuated can the system be pressurized.

3. When starting for the first time or restarting after a long-term shutdown, there will be a suction phenomenon, so an exhaust valve should be installed at the output port, or the outlet flange should be slightly loosened to exclude air, and as far as possible under no-load conditions Perform a trial operation.

4. When adjusting the displacement of the variable vane pump, loosen the locknut first, then rotate the adjustment screw, and pay attention to the direction of the adjustment screw when increasing or decreasing the displacement. After adjustment, the nut should be tightened. When adjusting the pressure of the variable vane pump, you should also pay attention to the correct rotation of the pressure regulating screw when increasing and decreasing the pressure. After the adjustment, the nut should be tightened.

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The vane pump is usually used as a high-pressure hydraulic pump for automobiles, which can perform braking, boosting, air conditioning and automatic transmission. Although there are also mid-range pressure pumps for soft drink dispensers and espresso machines.
In other words, these pumps have also become an important part of air travel. Without them, today’s modern aircraft will not be able to operate.


How Vane Pumps improve air travel

The vane pump is a rotary pump designed to handle medium and low viscosity liquids. This is a vacuum pump. Although the back pressure has changed (this is called positive displacement), it still sends liquid through its housing at a constant speed at a constant speed.


It is called "constant flow machine", it can obtain good results when dealing with gasoline, fuel oil, alcohol ammonia and liquefied petroleum gas, and it is most commonly used in the automotive industry.

These pumps can self-compensate for tearing and wear, and many different functions depend on it. It has become a key equipment for braking, power steering, automatic transmission and supercharging.

Although it is most commonly used in automobiles, many other vehicles also rely on this pump, including aircraft. There are many different configurations of vane pumps, they are easy to maintain and have good suction.

How the vane pump works
A key thing to note when understanding the working principle of a vane pump is that it will produce a fluid movement-it will not generate pressure. The mechanical action creates a vacuum, which forces the liquid to flow from the reservoir to the pump, and then moves it into the hydraulic system.

As mentioned above, this is done with positive displacement. Although there are many different configurations of vane pumps, the working principle is basically the same.

Each pump is equipped with a circular rotor that rotates in a large circular cavity (called a cam). The centers of these two circles are offset, causing eccentricity (which means they do not share the same center).

The blades are allowed to slide in and out of the rotor, and sealed at all edges to form a blade chamber to complete the pumping work. On the intake side of the pump, the volume of the vane cavity is increasing. These increased-volume blade cavities are filled with fluid driven by the inlet pressure.


The inlet pressure is actually the pressure from the pumping system, usually just atmospheric pressure. On the discharge side of the pump, the volume of the vane cavity decreases, forcing fluid out of the pump. The function of the blade is to expel the same volume of fluid with each revolution.

Unlike other pumps, vane pumps allow fluid to flow quickly through the system. This helps increase the pressure of the fluid. If the fluid is thin, the transmission speed will increase and the pressure will increase significantly.


Application of vane pump on aircraft


Almost all modern aircraft use hydraulic power components. Since they are engine-driven, air-driven and use electric pumps, they cannot run without them.

In smaller, lighter aircraft, the vane pump may only be used to activate the wheel brakes, although in large aircraft such as the Airbus A380-800, the use of these systems is more important (not the brake itself is not important !)

Usually depends on the size of the aircraft, multiple hydraulic systems will work together, and are critical for braking, front wheel steering, extended landing gear, flaps and slats, operating cargo door / loading ramps, and pitch control of the aircraft, etc. Important propeller.


They are also used to control wipers. You may not think that these require a lot of power or pressure, but when the aircraft we are talking about usually travels at a speed of 930 km / h, you will need a lot of power because of the severe weather that blows down from the air at close range .

The advantage of using vane pumps for aerospace for all these purposes is that it can handle thin liquids at higher pressures and compensate for wear through the extension of the vanes.

In this way, you can-the importance of vane pumps on aircraft-a kind of mechanical engineering, although you may never have heard of it before, it can ensure your safety in the air and can be delivered to you in one stop you.



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Although most drivers may never need to replace the fuel pump, it is important to understand the symptoms to prevent problems with the vehicle. The oil pump is an indispensable part of vehicle engine performance. If the oil pump fails, it may seriously damage the car. The engine oil pump sucks the oil out of the oil pan and then pumps it into the bearing through the oil filter.

The first symptom is likely to be that the engine or oil lamp indicator lights on your dashboard are on to warn you that there is a problem. This is still not always the case, and it is often the driver who fails to notice or ignore the light. Generally, if the oil lamp is on, it indicates that the oil pressure is low. This does not automatically indicate a problem with your oil pump, because there may be a leak, or your engine is burning oil. This problem can be solved by checking the dipstick and adding oil when the oil level is low. If the indicator is still on, you can check the following other symptoms:


Low oil pressure. A faulty oil pump will lose the ability to properly pump oil through the system. This will result in low oil pressure, which may cause further damage to the vehicle.
The engine operating temperature has increased. Oil can reduce the friction between various parts of the vehicle
Maintain temperature regulation during operation. When the engine oil flow is reduced, the parts will not maintain proper lubrication and become hot. Increased friction will increase the temperature and may cause more problems.


noise. Your vehicle hydraulic lift is an important part of engine operation, and it is also important to adequately lubricate it. When your engine is working normally, these elevators have almost no sound, but when the oil flow of the elevator is cut off, they start to make noise and wear unevenly. Replacing jacks is very expensive, and it is important to properly lubricate jacks.
In addition to hydraulic tappets, if the oil pump starts to malfunction, the valve train may start to make noise. This includes push rods, seals and valve guides. All these parts also need proper lubrication. Failure of the oil pump may cause a large amount of additional noise in the valve train system.

Finally, if the oil pump is not working properly, it may start to make noise. This is a less common problem than some of the other problems described here. If your oil pump starts to make a sound, it will be a harsh hum or howling. This is the result of wear of the internal gear mechanism. When it starts to malfunction, your oil pump may make a little noise.

Most drivers are unlikely to experience oil pump failure, but if you experience any of these symptoms, you may need to check the vehicle. When encountering problems, it is best to always repair parts, as long-term wear may shorten the life of the engine.

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The double vane pump is composed of two pumps with the same displacement or two different displacements. The two pumps share an oil suction port and are connected by an intermediate body. There are two oil outlets, which are respectively covered by the front cover. It is separated from the back cover and driven by a core shaft. Although the dual pumps are connected together, the front and rear pumps can be set with different pressures independently. They can supply pressure oil to different two hydraulic systems, or they can be combined into one oil Drive a group of cylinders.


The two pump cores of the double vane pump are installed back-to-back, the front pump rotates forward, the rear pump reverses, the intermediate oil suction part is the low-pressure area, the front cover and the rear cover are high-pressure areas, and the internal high-pressure and low-pressure partitions are imported high. The performance is made of rectangular PTFE material, and the low-pressure pump cover is sealed by a rubber O-ring to prevent oil leakage.



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Proper selection and operation of the pump will have a significant impact on the overall performance, operating efficiency and operating costs of the system.

In all pump types, you will hear "Pumps do not suck or pump." Although pumps come in a variety of shapes and sizes and different operating mechanisms, they can all do one thing-generate flow by transferring mechanical energy to the velocity of the fluid.


To understand this, we must first know that the energy comes from the motor. Electric motors absorb electrical energy and convert it into torque called torque. There is a relationship between horsepower, speed and torque. The following formula will make it clear.

Torque is the mechanical energy that is transmitted from the motor shaft to the pump shaft and then converted to fluid velocity.

Because the pump has the highest rated speed, most industrial hydraulic systems use electric motors with a nominal rating of 1200 rpm (actually 1,140 rpm) or a nominal rating of 1800 rpm (actually 1,750 rpm). On mobile hydraulic systems using internal combustion engines, variable speed drives are used to regulate the output speed. It is important that the operator does not fall below the minimum speed limit of the pump or exceed its maximum speed limit.

If people understand Boyle’s law, they can understand the pumping action of any hydraulic pump:

Bower’s Law—At a constant temperature and constant mass, absolute pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume.


In short, as the volume decreases, the pressure increases (exhaust stroke). As the volume increases, the pressure decreases (intake stroke).

In the case where the capacity of the dynamic pressure pump (gpm) decreases with the increase of the pressure of the head, the positive displacement pump provides a constant output flow (gpm) regardless of the pressure of the head.

The size of a positive displacement pump is expressed in cubic inches when the drive shaft makes one revolution.


Another way to indicate the size of a positive displacement pump is the rated flow at a specific drive speed. Hydraulic pump manufacturers simply refer to these pump sizes as 8 gpm, 10 gpm, etc.

Theoretically, a pump of 25 inches per revolution would deliver 25 inches of fluid. In fact, the output of the pump will decrease due to internal slip (fluid flows from the output of the pump to the input of the pump). For a given gap, the higher the outlet pressure, the greater the slip.


The mechanical efficiency can be derived by dividing the theoretical torque value by the actual torque required to drive the pump.


Overall efficiency includes volumetric efficiency and mechanical efficiency.


It is important that operators and maintenance personnel have a thorough understanding of these values ​​and their relationship to the system.

A fixed displacement pump works in it. As long as the following conditions do not need to be met, you can choose to use a fixed displacement pump:
Maintain system pressure on stalling actuators
During the cycle, the actuator must
Relatively low speed
Circuits run in different speed ranges
Pump cannot be unloaded through the circuit

You must choose a pump of exact size. The fixed displacement pump is a positive displacement pump. The displacement (gpm) cannot be changed only by changing the driving speed of the pump.

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In vane pumps, slotted rotors splined to the drive shaft rotate between tightly fitted side plates inside oval or circular rings. The polished, hardened blades slide into and out of the rotor slots and follow a circular profile under the action of centrifugal force. An oil pumping cavity is formed between subsequent blades to transport oil from the inlet to the outlet. As the spacing between the blades increases, a partial vacuum is created at the entrance. As the size of the pump chamber decreases, the oil is squeezed out at the outlet.

Since the normal point of wear of a vane pump is the surface of the vane tip and the ring, the vanes and the ring are specially hardened and ground. Vane pumps are the only design with automatic wear compensation. As wear occurs, the blades only slide farther out of the rotor slots and continue to follow the contours of the ring. Therefore, the efficiency is always high throughout the life of the pump.


The displacement of a vane pump depends on the width of the ring and rotor and the stroke of the cam ring. The interchangeable ring design allows the basic pump to be converted into multiple displacements. Balanced design vane pumps are fixed displacement. Unbalanced designs can be built in fixed displacement or variable displacement pumps. Vane pumps have good efficiency and durability if used in clean systems with the right oil. They cover low to medium pressure, capacity and speed ranges. Relative to the output package size is small. Vane pumps are usually quiet but operate at high speeds.

1. Unbalanced vane pump. In an unbalanced design, the shape of the cam ring is a true circle, and its center line is different from the center line of the rotor. Pump displacement depends on the eccentric distance between the rotor and the ring. The advantage of a true ring is that you can apply controls to change the eccentricity and thus the displacement. The disadvantage is that the pressure imbalance at the outlet effectively resists a small area of ​​the rotor’s edge, which places a lateral load on the shaft. Therefore, the size of the pump is limited unless very large earpieces and heavy supports are used.

2. Balance vane pump. In a balanced design, the pump has a fixed oval cam ring and two sets of internal ports. An extraction chamber is formed between any two blades twice per revolution. The two entrances and exits are 180 degrees apart. Back pressures at the rotor edges cancel each other out. Recent design improvements allow higher operating speeds and pressures, making this pump the most versatile pump in the field of mobile equipment.

3. Double pump. The vane double pump consists of two independent pump units. Each component is contained in its own housing and is mounted in series and driven by a common shaft. Each pump also has its own inlet and outlet, which can be combined using manifolds or pipes. Two designs are available, with both cartridges housed in one body. An additional pump is sometimes installed at the head end to provide auxiliary flow requirements.

Dual pumps can be used to provide fluid flow to two separate circuits or to combine the flow requirements of a single circuit. The delivery volume of the combined pump will not change the maximum rated pressure of any filter element. Separate circuits require separate pressure controls to limit the maximum pressure in each circuit.

Two pumps are used to provide fluid flow for fast forward and feed of the cylinder. In circuit B, two safety valves are used to control the operation of the pump. In circuit A, a safety valve and an unloading valve are used to control the pumping operation. In both circuits, the delivery of the pump core is merged after passing through the valve. This combined flow is directed to the four-way valve and the rest of the circuit.



In circuit B, when the cylinder rod reaches and trips the pilot valve, the upper safety valve is vented. The exhaust safety valve can freely guide the conveyance of the shaft end pump chamber back to the fuel tank. The maximum pressure of the other safety valve control circuit. The unloading valve and safety valve in circuit A perform the same operation. The outputs of the two pump boxes are combined to supply fluid for the fast forward portion of the cycle. When the output of one circuit is returned to the tank, after reaching a certain point in the cycle, the other circuit completes the advance part of the cycle. The outputs of the two pumps are then combined to return quickly.

4. Two-stage pump. The two-stage pump consists of two independent pump assemblies housed in a single housing. The pump assembly is connected so that fluid directed from the outlet of one pump to the inside of the other flows to the inlet of the other pump. Single inlets and outlets are used for system connections. Structurally, the pump consists of separate pump cores, which are driven by a common drive shaft contained in a housing. The diverter valve is used to balance the pressure load on each stage and correct minor flow differences from either spool.

In operation, the developer flow rate of each filter cartridge is the same as the developer flow rate of a single pump. Figure 3-13 shows the fluid flow in a vane two-stage pump. Oil from the oil storage tank enters the inlet of the pump and then flows to the outlet of the first stage pump box. (The channels in the pump body carry the emissions from this stage to the inlet of the second stage.) The outlet channels of the second stage direct oil to the outlet of the pump. Channel U connects the two chambers on the inlet side of the secondary pump and ensures that the pressure in both chambers is equal. (Pressure is the pressure applied to the pump from an external source.)



The diverter valve consists of sliding pistons A and B. The piston A receives an outlet pressure through the passage V. The piston B is subjected to pressure between the stages through the passage W. The piston responds to keep the pressure on the primary pump equal to half of the secondary pump outlet pressure. If the acceptable volume from the first stage exceeds the second stage, a pressure increase occurs in the channel W. The unbalanced force acting on the piston B moves the piston, so that excess oil flows through the channel B through the piston B to reach the piston B. Entrance chamber for the first filter cartridge. The fluid throttled by the piston B can maintain the pressure in the passage V.

If the discharge flow of the first-stage pump is smaller than the required flow of the second-stage pump, the pressure of the piston B will decrease. The unbalanced force acting on piston A causes the piston to move, causing oil to flow through piston A into channels X and W to replenish the second-stage pump and correct the imbalance. The channels Z and Y provide a means for leaking around the piston to return to the inlet chamber of the first stage pump. Pistons A and B always look for a position to distribute the load evenly between the two pump units.


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In vane pumps, slotted rotors splined to the drive shaft rotate between tightly fitted side plates inside oval or circular rings. The polished, hardened blades slide into and out of the rotor slots and follow a circular profile under the action of centrifugal force. An oil pumping cavity is formed between subsequent blades to transport oil from the inlet to the outlet. As the spacing between the blades increases, a partial vacuum is created at the entrance. As the size of the pump chamber decreases, the oil is squeezed out at the outlet.

Since the normal point of wear of a vane pump is the surface of the vane tip and the ring, the vanes and the ring are specially hardened and ground. Vane pumps are the only design with automatic wear compensation. As wear occurs, the blades only slide farther out of the rotor slots and continue to follow the contours of the ring. Therefore, the efficiency is always high throughout the life of the pump.


The displacement of a vane pump depends on the width of the ring and rotor and the stroke of the cam ring. The interchangeable ring design allows the basic pump to be converted into multiple displacements. Balanced design vane pumps are fixed displacement. Unbalanced designs can be built in fixed displacement or variable displacement pumps. Vane pumps have good efficiency and durability if used in clean systems with the right oil. They cover low to medium pressure, capacity and speed ranges. Relative to the output package size is small. Vane pumps are usually quiet but operate at high speeds.

1. Unbalanced vane pump. In an unbalanced design, the shape of the cam ring is a true circle, and its center line is different from the center line of the rotor. Pump displacement depends on the eccentric distance between the rotor and the ring. The advantage of a true ring is that you can apply controls to change the eccentricity and thus the displacement. The disadvantage is that the pressure imbalance at the outlet effectively resists a small area of ​​the rotor’s edge, which places a lateral load on the shaft. Therefore, the size of the pump is limited unless very large earpieces and heavy supports are used.

2. Balance vane pump. In a balanced design, the pump has a fixed oval cam ring and two sets of internal ports. An extraction chamber is formed between any two blades twice per revolution. The two entrances and exits are 180 degrees apart. Back pressures at the rotor edges cancel each other out. Recent design improvements allow higher operating speeds and pressures, making this pump the most versatile pump in the field of mobile equipment.

3. Double pump. The vane double pump consists of two independent pump units. Each component is contained in its own housing and is mounted in series and driven by a common shaft. Each pump also has its own inlet and outlet, which can be combined using manifolds or pipes. Two designs are available, with both cartridges housed in one body. An additional pump is sometimes installed at the head end to provide auxiliary flow requirements.

Dual pumps can be used to provide fluid flow to two separate circuits or to combine the flow requirements of a single circuit. The delivery volume of the combined pump will not change the maximum rated pressure of any filter element. Separate circuits require separate pressure controls to limit the maximum pressure in each circuit.

Two pumps are used to provide fluid flow for fast forward and feed of the cylinder. In circuit B, two safety valves are used to control the operation of the pump. In circuit A, a safety valve and an unloading valve are used to control the pumping operation. In both circuits, the delivery of the pump core is merged after passing through the valve. This combined flow is directed to the four-way valve and the rest of the circuit.



In circuit B, when the cylinder rod reaches and trips the pilot valve, the upper safety valve is vented. The exhaust safety valve can freely guide the conveyance of the shaft end pump chamber back to the fuel tank. The maximum pressure of the other safety valve control circuit. The unloading valve and safety valve in circuit A perform the same operation. The outputs of the two pump boxes are combined to supply fluid for the fast forward portion of the cycle. When the output of one circuit is returned to the tank, after reaching a certain point in the cycle, the other circuit completes the advance part of the cycle. The outputs of the two pumps are then combined to return quickly.

4. Two-stage pump. The two-stage pump consists of two independent pump assemblies housed in a single housing. The pump assembly is connected so that fluid directed from the outlet of one pump to the inside of the other flows to the inlet of the other pump. Single inlets and outlets are used for system connections. Structurally, the pump consists of separate pump cores, which are driven by a common drive shaft contained in a housing. The diverter valve is used to balance the pressure load on each stage and correct minor flow differences from either spool.

In operation, the developer flow rate of each filter cartridge is the same as the developer flow rate of a single pump. Figure 3-13 shows the fluid flow in a vane two-stage pump. Oil from the oil storage tank enters the inlet of the pump and then flows to the outlet of the first stage pump box. (The channels in the pump body carry the emissions from this stage to the inlet of the second stage.) The outlet channels of the second stage direct oil to the outlet of the pump. Channel U connects the two chambers on the inlet side of the secondary pump and ensures that the pressure in both chambers is equal. (Pressure is the pressure applied to the pump from an external source.)



The diverter valve consists of sliding pistons A and B. The piston A receives an outlet pressure through the passage V. The piston B is subjected to pressure between the stages through the passage W. The piston responds to keep the pressure on the primary pump equal to half of the secondary pump outlet pressure. If the acceptable volume from the first stage exceeds the second stage, a pressure increase occurs in the channel W. The unbalanced force acting on the piston B moves the piston, so that excess oil flows through the channel B through the piston B to reach the piston B. Entrance chamber for the first filter cartridge. The fluid throttled by the piston B can maintain the pressure in the passage V.

If the discharge flow of the first-stage pump is smaller than the required flow of the second-stage pump, the pressure of the piston B will decrease. The unbalanced force acting on piston A causes the piston to move, causing oil to flow through piston A into channels X and W to replenish the second-stage pump and correct the imbalance. The channels Z and Y provide a means for leaking around the piston to return to the inlet chamber of the first stage pump. Pistons A and B always look for a position to distribute the load evenly between the two pump units.


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What are the reasons for the sudden leakage of the internal gear pump during normal operation?

The main reasons for the sudden leakage of the internal gear pump during normal operation are:

1, the actual output of the pump is too small, a large number of medium pumps circulate in the pump, heat accumulates, causing the medium to vaporize, leading to seal failure,

2, Evacuation, cavitation or prolonged pressure, leading to seal failure,

3.Corrosive, polymerizable, and cementitious substances increase in the medium,

4.The return flow is too large, causing the bottom of the suction tube side container (tower, kettle, tank, pool) to rise and damage the seal.

5, the working conditions change or adjust frequently,

6.For long-term outages, there is no manual cranking when restarting, and the sealing surface is damaged due to friction.

7, the ambient temperature changes dramatically,

8, sudden power failure or shutdown, etc., the centrifugal pump leaks suddenly during normal operation. If it is not found in time, it will often cause a major accident or loss. It must be taken seriously and effective measures taken.



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(1) Incorrect installation of the vane pump coupling: Because the coupling gap between the coupling and the shaft is too small or no gap, the bearing will be injured when it is struck hard, resulting in early damage to the bearing and affecting the life of the entire pump core. In addition, if the coupling is installed without a certain axial clearance, the pump is directly and rigidly installed on the pump casing with screws, which will make the bearing want to be stressed. If it is subjected to axial force for a long time, the bearing will be fast. Damage and eccentricity hit the pump core. On the surface, it looks like the pump core has failed, but it is actually a bearing.

(2) The coaxiality of the vane pump is too poor: if the coaxiality exceeds the specified value during installation, the bearing and the entire pump core will be eccentric and damaged early, and the shaft will be cut off (the shaft is cut off at the thickest part of the shaft head) The coaxiality is generally controlled at ≤0.1 mm.

(3) The oil of the vane pump is too dirty: Because the oil tank is not sealed, the surrounding dust and debris are mixed into the oil, which makes the cleanliness of the oil exceed the standard. If the filtering accuracy is insufficient or there is no filter, the pump core will be quickly drawn. Injury and damage

(4) Deterioration of the hydraulic oil of the vane pump: Because the cooling device is not installed, the oil temperature will continuously increase during continuous use of the machine. If the oil temperature is as high as 70 ° C for a long time, the life of the oil pump will be greatly shortened, and it will generally be damaged (or even shorter) within six months to one year.

(5) Water in oil: In the water-cooled device, due to the poor sealing, water enters the oil, causing all the parts of the oil pump inside the oil pump to rust, and the rusted products will accelerate wear during high-speed rotation. And shorten the life, the oil pump shaft seal will be damaged early and the pump shaft leaks oil

(6) Change the direction of the oil port: When the direction of the oil port is not suitable and the inexperienced customer adjusts it by themselves, the pump core pin is not inserted into the pin hole (caused by pulling out during rotation), and the space of the oil pump suction port is reduced. When the oil absorption is blocked, the engine oil is not smooth. It is manifested as: excessive noise, pressure swing, long-term use will increase the oil temperature too fast, and the life of the stator will be shortened after the impact of the curve inside the stator is corrugated. In addition, when the seal is cut or the screws are not evenly tightened during rotation, oil leakage may also occur.

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The inner surface of the stator is composed of two large arcs, small arcs and four transition curves (1,2,3,4). The stator and the rotor are concentric. The four oil distribution windows on the oil distribution pan communicate with the suction and pressure ports respectively.



When the rotor rotates clockwise, the blade embedded in the rotor slot (which can be flexibly slid) is under the action of centrifugal force and pressure oil, and the top is tightly attached to the inner surface of the stator. In this way, the stator, the rotor, the slidable blades, and the oil distribution plate constitute a plurality of closed working chambers with variable volumes. In the upper right and lower left corners, the volume of the sealed working chamber gradually increases, which is an oil suction area; in the lower right and upper left corners, the volume of the sealed working chamber gradually decreases, which is an oil pressure region.



An oil sealing area between the oil suction area and the oil pressure area separates them. Each time the rotor rotates once, each blade slides back and forth twice, and the volume of each closed working chamber is circulated twice, and it is enlarged and reduced twice , Complete the role of the pump, called a double-acting vane pump. In addition, the pump’s two oil inlet chambers and outlet pressure oil chambers are radially opposed, so the rotor is hydraulically balanced, and the bearings are not subject to hydraulic loads. This ensures long life.


The rotor rotates once, the oil is sucked twice between the two blades, and the oil is drained twice, each time the volume is M; when the number of blades is z, the displacement of all the blades of all the leaves in a week is 2Z M volumes. This value is exactly twice the ring volume.


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Initial startup check

Check the design and installation accuracy of the hydraulic station:

● Extend the distance between the entrance and exit as much as possible.

● The inlet and outlet nozzles should be inclined, and the cross section of the beak should be greater than or equal to 45 ° in order to increase the cross section of the channel and reduce the speed. The recommended water inlet speed is between 0.5m / s ~ 1.9m / s. . And the exit is below 6m / s.

● In the worst case (for example: all hydraulic cylinder pistons are extended to the extreme position), confirm that the oil port is lower than the oil level in the fuel tank,

● The size of the air filter should be three times larger than the maximum return flow.

● An exhaust release valve is set on the oil return pipe; and the connector at the pump outlet can be slightly loosened to exhaust until there are no air bubbles in the oil leakage, and then the connector can be tightened to produce the same effect.

Note: This method is suitable for low pressures and should ensure that the pressure does not rise.

Initial start:

● Check the accuracy of the position of the fuel supply port.

● When filling oil, the pump should be well ventilated.

● Run the pump slowly for a few seconds, then release the relief valve at the outlet to reach the minimum pressure.
● Do not drive the pump at high speed and high pressure until the inspection is completed.

Shafts and couplings

Spline hole

● The spline hole of the coupling should be floating and automatically centered to reduce wear. The deviation of the slope of the two spline shafts should be less than or equal to ± 0.05 / 25.4mm (dialometer deviation)

● Spline holes must be lubricated with lithium molybdenum disulfide-based grease or other similar greases.

● The coupling needs heat treatment to reach a hardness of 29 ~ 45HRC.

● The specifications of the spline hole are flat teeth and side teeth, which should meet the first level standard of SAE-J498b (1971).

Spline shaft

● T7, T67 and T6 series vane pumps have high-strength keys, so it must be used when installing or replacing the pump. New keys with a hardness of 27 ~ 34HRC and corners of 0.8 ~ 1 * 45 ° can also be used. Avoid rounded corners in the key slot when the key needs to be replaced.

Shaft load

● The required structure of a flat spline shaft is the same as that of a spline shaft.

This series of products are only allowed to withstand the transmission load, and do not apply radial and axial loads.


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1. When the pressure of the pump exceeds 16MPa and the displacement is "4", "6", "8", the speed should be greater than 1450 r / min.

2. When high-speed single-row or double-row big pump, reduce the negative pressure of the inlet.

3. The numbers in parentheses are those using phosphate ester oil and water-containing hydraulic oil.

4. It is recommended to drive at a speed of 1000r / min under the strict requirements of low noise.

5. When the working fluid is a phosphate ester fluid, please use a special seal (FPM) when ordering, and add the prefix [F-] before the specified model.

6. Input power is available under 16 MPa and 1500r / min working conditions.

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