The Role Of The Oil Pumps

2020年8月17日
The main purpose of the oil pump is to circulate the engine oil under pressure to the bearings, pistons and camshafts. This lubricates these systems, allows the use of larger capacity fluid bearings, and also aids in engine cooling.

In addition to lubrication, pressurized oil is increasingly used as a hydraulic fluid to power small actuators. One of the first significant uses of this approach was hydraulic tappets used in camshaft and valve actuation. Recently, more and more common uses include tensioners for timing chains or VVT hubs for variable valve timing systems.

Friction is the enemy of moving parts because it hinders performance and shortens product life. The oil circulation system used in internal combustion engines has two main functions. The first is to reduce friction, and the second is to dissipate heat from pistons, bearings and shafts. Insufficient or incorrect engine lubrication will cause catastrophic failure. There are honeycomb channels on the engine block and cylinder head to guide lubricant and coolant. The oil pump forces oil through these channels to lubricate the entire system. Normally, the oil is drawn from the oil tank through a screen filter to remove larger debris around the engine. The oil usually passes through a filter and possibly an oil cooler before being pumped through the engine to the moving parts. Pistons, rings, valves, etc...

Dry and wet collection system

The wet oil pan system has a single oil pump in the lower part of the engine, usually located near or near the crankshaft. Engines equipped with a dry sump will be equipped with two oil pumps. A standard oil pump pressurizes and distributes oil around the engine, and there is also an auxiliary oil pump or scavenging pump. The scavenging pump is usually located inside the oil pan and has a higher flow rate than the main oil pump.



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